PSORIASIS .. A SKIN DISEASE

Psoriasis is very common. Anyone can get it,  but it most commonly begins between ages 15 and 35.

It is not contagious. You cannot spread it to others.

Psoriasis seems to be passed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. 

Usually, skin cells grow deep in the skin and rise to the surface about once a month. In persons with psoriasis, this process is too fast. Dead skin cells build up on the skin's surface.

The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or make the condition more difficult to treat:

• Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections
• Dry air or dry skin
• Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites
• Stress
• Too little sunlight
• Too much sunlight (sunburn)
• Too much alcohol

In general, psoriasis may be severe in people who have a weakened immune system. This may include persons who have:

• AIDS
• Rheumatoid arthritis
  Cancer chemotherapy

Some people with psoriasis may also have arthritis, a condition known as psoriatic arthritis.

Symptoms

Psoriasis can appear suddenly or slowly. Many times, it goes away and then comes back again and again. 

Symptoms include:

• Irritated, red, flaky patches of skin
• Most often seen on the elbows, knees, and middle of the body
• Red patches may appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp

The skin may be:

• Itchy
• Dry and covered with silver, flaky skin (scales)
• Pink-red in color (like the color of salmon)
• Raised and thick

Other symptoms may include:

• Joint pain or aching
• thick nails, yellow-brown nails, dents in the nail, and nail lifts off from the skin underneath
• Severe dandruff on the scalp

Psoriasis may affect any or all parts of the skin. There are five main types of psoriasis:

• Erythrodermic -- The skin redness is very intense and covers a large area.
• Guttate -- Small, pink-red spots appear on the skin.
• Inverse -- Skin redness and irritation occurs in the armpits, groin, and in between overlapping skin.
• Plaque -- Thick, red patches of skin are covered by flaky, silver-white scales. This is the most common type of psoriasis.
• Pustular -- White blisters are surrounded by red, irritated skin.

Signs and tests

Your doctor or nurse can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin.

Sometimes, a skin biopsy  is done to rule out other possible conditions. If you have joint pain, your doctor may order x-rays.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to control your symptoms and prevent infection.

Three treatment options are available:

• Skin lotions, ointments, creams, and shampoos. These are called topical treatments.
• Pills or injections that affect the body's immune response, not just the skin. There are called systemic, or body-wide, treatments. 
• Phototherapy, which uses light to treat psoriasis.

TOPICAL TREATMENTS

Most of the time, psoriasis is treated with medications that are placed directly on the skin or scalp. This may include:

• Cortisone creams and ointments
• Creams or ointments that contain coal tar or anthralin
• Creams to remove the scaling (usually salicylic acid or lactic acid)
• Dandruff shampoos (over-the-counter or prescription)
• Moisturizers
• Prescription medicines containing vitamin D or vitamin A (retinoids)

AT HOME CARE

Follow these tips at home:

• Oatmeal baths may be soothing and may help to loosen scales. You can use over-the-counter oatmeal bath products. Or, you can mix 1 cup of oatmeal into a tub of warm water.
• Sunlight may help your symptoms go away. Be careful not to get sunburned.
• Relaxation and antistress techniques may be helpful. The link between stress and flares of psoriasis is not well understood, however.